Review: Circadian disruption, chronotherapy, and deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD)

Abstract Disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms is a pervasive symptom of Parkinson’s disease with a severe impact on quality of life. We review existing therapies for Parkinson’s disease and circadian disruption (chronotherapies), and we argue that modern deep brain stimulation technology presents a novel treatment pathway for these symptoms—it has the potential to continuously monitor and/or adaptively modulate sleep and circadian rhythms.